Water contamination

The increase of the world-wide population and the consequent increase of the economic activities of the man, have caused in many regions of the world a degradation of the natural atmosphere seeing itself affected the air, the water and consequently the fertile grounds.

The water not only is used in the food production, but also in the secondary industry, the tertiary industry and in the industry of the information/communication, and its use must to the own attributes as they are it his dissolvent power, like means of transport and to its caloric properties.

In relation to the availability of the water-bearing resources, one is it jeopardize by the contamination of the coastal river basins, the indiscriminate cutting, the degradation of the sources, the bad practices of irrigation and the demand of water every greater time in the densely populated cities. The unloading of polluting agents to the water-bearing environment is caused fundamentally by human activities, being different types from polluting sources. Within this variety of polluting agents one is in first term the originating residual water of homes and systems of sewage system, mainly in the zones densely populated as they are the metropolitan areas, as well as the originating water with factories and offices.

The originating residual waters of factories vary in their characteristics depending on the raw materials or the productive processes. The textile industries for example provide contamination by colorants substances, exist pharmaceutical companies that discard active principles of their medicines in residual waters, agriculture, the commercial cattle ranch and the bird-raising farms, are the source of many organic and inorganic polluting agents of superficial and underground waters. These polluting agents include as much sediments coming from the erosion of territories of culture like composed of phosphorus and nitrogen that, partly, come from the commercial remainders animals and fertilizers. The remainders animals have a high content in nitrogen, phosphorus and consuming matter of oxygen, and often they lodge pathogenic organisms. The pressure that exerts the demand of water for the human consumption of towns and cities, mainly in the barren and semi-arid zones, on the superficial and underground water sources that traditionally have been used for irrigation of cultures with water requirements of non-potable quality, has caused that the municipal residual waters happen to be a remainder to become a valuable resource for their use in agriculture, as well as is used in the industrial processes and in services to I publish such as the irrigation of gardens, the filling of lakes, recreational channels and ornamentals sources. In the purification of the currents of the industrial and domestic remainders, diverse technologies are applied in which they are associated to the application of physical processes, chemical and biological.

In order to establish the treatment of this water it is advisable to know the degree of contamination that they have, and thus to determine the proportions the treatment plant.

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